TAT interpretation – compiled by A. Glezerman, Ph.D.

Level 1: content analysis of responses to each card.

Card #


Hero


Hero’s needs:

1) Abasement

2) Achievement

3) Affiliation

4) Aggression

5) Autonomy

6) Counteraction

7) Deference

8) Defendance

9) Dominance

10) Exhibition

11) Harm avoidance

12) Avoidance of failure

13) Nurturance

14) Order

15) Play

16) Rejection

17) Sentience

18) Sex

19) Succorance

20) Understanding


Hero’s characteristics (emotional and physical)


Objects introduced


Objects omitted


Objects misperceived


Environment


Parental Figures


Hero’s reactions


Contemporary figures


Hero’s reactions


Junior figures


Hero’s reactions


Conflicts


Responses to conflicts


Anxieties


Defenses


Superego – punishment


Hero’s goals


Goal’s practicality


Hero’s adequacy


Means of achieving goals


Types of obstacles


Type of outcome


Realistic outcome?


Plot


Type of topic:

1) Personal

2) Relational

3) Sexual

4) Familial

5) Professional

6) Social

7) Fantastical

8) Abstract/Philosophical

9) Religious/Spiritual



Level 2: content analysis of pattern of responses.

Themes common to more than one card


What type of stimulus triggers these themes


Outlier responses


What type of stimulus triggers these responses


Themes absent in responses


Common emotional states


Common needs


Common defenses


Common conflicts


Common goals


Common obstacles


Common outcomes


Overall perception of relationships


Overall perception of self


Overall perception of the world



Level 3: analysis of the process of responding.

Style of responding


Starting attitude to the task and changes in it


Respondent’s affect and changes in it


Structural elements missing in responses (beginning, situation, thoughts, feelings, outcome)


Latencies and changes in them


Length of stories and changes in them


Level of detail in the picture described and changes in it


Level of complexity (description, plot with conflict, conscious identification, interpretation of characters, generalization and symbolism) and changes in it




Responses indicating defensiveness


Type of defensive responses:

1) Simple description of the card

2) Highly formalized or structured responses

3) Substitution of personal response by other (e.g. movie plot)

4) Offering several options for story elements

5) Other


Triggers for responses indicating defensiveness


Changes following these responses


Responses indicating loss of control (tangentiality, thought blocking, loss of logic, blanket refusal)


Triggers for responses indicating loss of control


Changes following these responses


Types of meta commentary:

1) Evaluation of characters and plot (Narcissistic? Moralistic?)

2) Personalization (low self-esteem?)

3) Referring to common knowledge (low self-esteem? Anxiety?)

4) Unusual precision of details (histrionic? Low self-esteem? Concrete? Good writer?)


Speech characteristics:

1) Unusual style or verbiage

2) Platitudes and quotes

3) Paraphasias and pauses



Card #

Common Themes (mostly Bellak, 1986; Соколова, 1980)

1

Relationship w/parents, autonomy vs. compliance, achievement motivation, frustration, symbolic representation of sexual conflicts.

2

Family relationships, family conflicts, autonomy/compliance, love triangles, pregnancy and children, gender stereotypes, historical themes, professional competency.

3BM

Gender (identification vs. dissociation), aggression, depression, suicidality.

3GF

Depression.

4

Relationship w/partner or spouse (could be self or parental), autonomy vs. dependence, trust and betrayal, sexual conflicts, jealousy.

5

Relationship with mother, issues of privacy vs. intrusion, intimacy, safety.

6BM

Mother-son relationship.

6GF

Father-daughter or husband-wife or male authority figure relationship.

7BM

Father-son or male authority figure relationship.

7GF

Mother-daughter relationship, having children, sibling relationship, often includes very informative fairy tale.

8BM

Aggression, ambition.

8GF

Aspirations and dreams, current emotional state.

9BM

Cohort relationships, social interactions and biases.

9GF

Cohort relationships, mother-daughter and sibling conflicts, depression, suicidality, suspiciousness and paranoia, suppressed aggression.

10

Male-female relationship.

11

Primitive fears and anxieties, current emotional state.

12M

Relationship with authority figures (often psychotherapist).

12F

Relationship with mother or mother-in-law.

12BG

Depression, suicidality, loneliness, tranquility.

13MF

Sexual problems and conflicts, aggression, guilt.

13B

Analogous to card 1 plus loneliness.

13G

Same.

14

Fear of darkness, suicidality, overall perception of the world and life.

15

Death, depression, repressed aggression, religion.

16

Blank card (in my experience, often reflects reaction to the assessment process or the examiner).

17BM

Fears, escape, body image, associations with sports and fitness.

17GF

Suicidality, romantic stories.

18BM

Attack vs. support, fears and dependencies, aggression.

18GF

Aggression, mother-daughter conflicts.

19

Self and environment.

20

Fears, loneliness, independence.


Compiled from: Леонтьев Д. А.(1998), Соколова Е. Т. (1980), Bellak, L. (1986), Murray H. A. (1943), Rotter J.B. (1946)